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Callsigns are a unique combination of letters and numbers allocated to a radiocommunications user to identify a station.

Callsigns must be used for all on-air communications including testing. Callsigns allocated to amateur stations conform with International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Amateur callsign construction

 
Prefix
VK$, where $ is the State/Territory Indicator. This is a number from 0-9 indicating the State or Territory in which the station is operating:

0 = Antarctic
1 = Australian Capital Territory
2 = New South Wales
3 = Victoria
4 = Queensland
5 = South Australia
6 = Western Australia
7 = Tasmania
8 = Northern Territory
9 = Australian External Territories

Suffix

Suffix of two, three or four letters.
The first letter in the three or four group indicates the licence type of the amateur station transmitting.
For example, VK$Taa, where 'T' signifies that the amateur transmitting this callsign holds an Advanced licence.
Amateur callsigns for Australian External Territories have the prefix VK9. In most cases, the first or second letter after VK9 (the fourth or fifth character of the callsign) is used to identify each Territory or area:
C = Cocos Island;
N = Norfolk Island;
W = World;
X = Christmas Island;
L = Lord Howe Island; and
M = Mellish Reef.

For example, VK9CA identifies that the station operates under an Advanced licence from Cocos Island, VK9NCA identifies that the station operates under a Standard licence from Cocos Island, and VK9FCAA identifies that the station operates under a Foundation licence from Cocos Island.

Source: The Wireless Institute of Australia